These languages have undergone the merger between rtr harmonic pairs merger by rtr neutralization, u. To put it reversely, a certain merger pattern provides us with an important clue as to what the contrastive hierarchy of the language in question looked like at an. It is a member of the iranian branch of the indoeuropean family, and is closely related to dari language, another eastern variety of persian and one of the two main languages in afghanistan. Our manual originated in the cooperation of three linguists. Pdf atr harmony in the altaic languages bert vaux academia. The mongolic languages represents the first comprehensive treatment of the mongolic language family in english the mongolic languages form a linguistically well defined but geographically widely dispersed family of more than a dozen separate languages, distributed from east and north asia mongolia, manchuria and southern siberia to central and west asia northern tibet, gansu, sinkiang. Articles on this topic in other wikimedia projects can. Most features of modern mongolic languages can thus be reconstructed from middle mongol. Korean, tungusic, mongolic and turkic languages, and rickmeyer 1989. Mongolic languages, vowel shift, vowel harmony, contrastive hierarchy, altaic.
In cyrillic orthography as it is used in mongolia it is written. Protomongolic seems to have comprised at least seven. The mongolic languages routledge language family series. The number of converbs and the extent of their use varies greatly between different languages, ranging from just one converb in moghol to more than. We have attempted to combine a linguistic approach with a. Some linguists propose to put mongolic languages in the same group as the turkic and tungusic languages. Payne, philip barton 1998 lasermongolian for windows. Mongolic eastern 12 dagur 1 daur a language of china mongour 5 bonan a language of china dongxiang a language of china kangjia a language of china tu a language of china yugur, east a language of china oiratkhalkha 6 khalkhaburiat 5 buriat 3 buriat, china a language of china buriat, mongolia a language of mongolia buriat, russia a language of. History of descriptive and comparative research of the mongolic languages 28.
Vowel contrast and vowel harmony shift in the mongolic. Mongolic languages is part of wikiproject central asia, a project to improve all central asiarelated articles. Mongolic languages employ converbs to express temporal, aspectual and modal relations between two actions. This is consistent with our observation that there is no positive phonological evidence in support of the roundedness of these vowels. They call this group the altaic languages, but not all linguists agreed upon this. Monguor type languages type ii include most mongolic varieties spoken in the gansuqinghai complex such as monguor, santa kim 2003, and bonan hugjiltu 2003,4 and the western mongolic language, moghol weiers 1972, spoken in afghanistan. A phonological merger operates on minimal contrast which is defined. Tangwang, we are reporting on the first results of our studies of this language and people. Mongolic and preprotomongolic, show a secondary tendency to merge in.
The mongolic languages are a group of languages that are spoken in central asia. Modern mongolian evolved from middle mongol, the language spoken in the. The grammars of mongolian languages monumenta altaica. Pdf on nov 7, 2016, martine robbeets published robbeets, martine 2017. Juha janhunen is another entry in the routledge language family series.
The mongolic languages are a group of languages spoken in eastcentral asia, mostly in mongolia and surrounding areas plus in kalmykia and buryatia. The mongolic languages form a linguistically well defined but geographically widely dispersed family of more than a dozen separate languages, distributed from east and north asia mongolia, manchuria and southern siberia to central and west asia northern tibet, gansu, sinkiang, northern afghanistan and the caspian region. Vowel contrast and vo wel harmony shift in the mongolic. Mongolian languages, one of three subfamilies of the altaic language family. Aspect, evidentiality and tense in mongolian diva portal. Recent additions to the category no pages meet these criteria. Focusing on the northern part of the east asian region, the paper discusses the. Mongolic languages simple english wikipedia, the free. In the end, all analyses that attribute to mongolic languages backbased. Oldest pages ordered by last edit no pages meet these criteria. Mongolian is the official language of mongolia and both the most widely spoken and. The dagur or daghur language, is a mongolic language, as well as a distinct branch of the mongolic language family, and is primarily spoken by members of the dagur ethnic group.
As is common with the other volumes in the series, it contains a chapter each for the various languages in a family which provide a mainly synchronic sketch of their grammar and lexicon. Their subclassification is controversial, and no one scheme has won universal approval. Vowels can also combine to form a further three diphthongs, and so seven in. In the common mongolic forms used in this book the following phonemes will be. The bestknown member of this language family, mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of mongolia and the mongols residents of inner mongolia, with an estimated 5. Modern mongolian evolved from middle mongol, the language spoken in the mongol empire of the th and 14th centuries. The mongolic languages are a language family that is spoken in eastcentral asia, mostly in mongolia, inner mongolia, an autonomous region of china, xinjiang, another autonomous region of china, the region of qinghai, and also in kalmykia, a republic of southern european russia mongolic is a small, relatively homogenous and recent language family whose common ancestor, protomongolian, was. Vowel contrast and vowel harmony shift in the mongolic languages 5 therefore, the high rounded vowels, u and. This includes but is not limited to afghanistan, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, mongolia, tajikistan, tibet, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, xinjiang and central asian portions of iran, pakistan and russia, regionspecific topics, and anything else related to central asia. Hazaragi is an eastern variety of persian closely related to dari.
The mongolian languages are spoken in mongolia and adjacent parts of eastcentral asia. Download citation mongolic languages the article surveys the distribution. Historically it has been classified as a dialect of persian with significant loanwords from mongolic and turkic. Protomongolic, the ancestor language of the modern mongolic languages, is very close to middle mongol, the language spoken at the time of genghis khan and the mongol empire. These languages have undergone the merger between rtr harmonic pairs. Then press the merge button to get your merged pdf. They call this group the altaic languages, but not all linguists agreed upon this the bestknown member of this language family is mongolian. As a relict feature, a mongolic language moghol has also been spoken until. Vowel contrast and vowel harmony shift in the mongolic languages.
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